Vitamin A and Multiple Scolorosis - 1385 Words

Vitamin A and Multiple Sclerosis There is countless research that widely associates vitamin D and vitamin A in possibly decreasing adverse effects of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although, vitamin A is not as popular in research as vitamin D it has shown in certain trials to be beneficial to patients suffering from MS, but more commonly there is a positive link to vitamin A in animal trials of treating experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) the animal version of MS, . Vitamin A is a fat- soluble vitamin that can function in immunological responses as well as brain development. This vitamin is crucial for vision, gene transcription, and bone metabolism (7). Vitamin A may help in MS by lowering inflammation as well as increasing the†¦show more content†¦The results of the double blind randomized trial showed that there was no significant difference in those taking vitamin A from the placebo group, since values in lipid profiles and fasting profiles did not provide any justifiable evidence in vitamin A being b eneficial in MS. However, one surprising result came from the CRP values, or the inflammation marker, by showing an increase in the vitamin A group in comparison to the placebo group. Although, the increase was still in the normal range it was still an unexpected outcome from the study. Even though vitamin A’s effect on Th1 and Th2 cells had the possibility of improving effects of MS, the trial concluded that there was no clinical evidence to vitamin A’s role in minimizing the harmful effects of MS (2). A prospective study was conducted by the Nurses’ Health Study, which tested vitamin A intake in the risk of women. The results proved no support for dietary carotenoids such as alpha-carotene or beta-carotene in lowering the risk of MS in women (7). Even though this was one of the few large-scale studies-- comprising of 81, 683 women inspected throughout 12 years (7) -- the scientific data proved no association to a beneficial role of vitamin A intake to MS risk in women. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is the only protein expressed in the CNS, so its response to T-cells may be a factor in the etiology of MS (3). A double blind study was

Tackling Environmental Problems Today Is More Difficult

With the world forever changing politicians are chosen by the populace to make decisions based on the needs of the people. Current political gridlock in this nation has made it extremely difficult to pass legislation pertain to the economy, workforce and health. While these items are discussed daily by political pundits one issue that equally important is usually placed on the backburner due to political posturing the health of the planet. â€Å"Tackling environmental problems today is more difficult because the nature of the problems has changed: where such problems were once primarily scientific and technocratic in nature, they are now almost exclusively problems of politics†. (Turin) This posturing has become a major issue for society and could lead to dire consequences in the future. It is time for us to come together and address the issues of political influence, in order for us to have a meaningful conversation we must discussion the influence of special interest groups, understand how politicians manipulate and use false authority to push agendas and also discover the importance of citizen involvement. Lobbyists for special interest are hired to attempt â€Å"to try to convince congressional committee members to act in their favor on issues that were important to them†. (Wright, 45) This tactic is used on the state, local and federal levels of government, while not all lobbyist fight for causes that maybe harmful to the environment. Some special interest groups are designedShow MoreRelatedNuclear Power in Australia’s Energy Future Essays1099 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy generation. This subject is largely controversial as it has many pros and cons. 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It is viewed that Malaysia’s effort has been marginal in achieving effective management of resources, pollution control and prevention of environmentalRead MoreMagdoff and Foster Were Right on 1973 Words   |  8 Pagespollution is enough to make the citizens stay inside for the day, as we here in Colorado might for a snow day. The sights witnessed there is sound evidence that support Magdoff and Fosters argument that capitalism is the primary driving force behind environmental degradation. An explorati ve journalistic piece by NBC’s 60 minutes Lesley Stahl, revealed that there are currently multi-billion dollar cities being built in China that are completely vacant. China’s massive economic growth can be attributed to

Wal-Mart Case Study Free Essays

In 2005, it created jobs for more than 1. 5 million people worldwide. In the United States this number is 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 million. Every year, Wall- Mart distributes 2% gross national product in US with estimated $300 billion annual sales. After nearly a half of a century, it still follows Sam Walton philosophy to provide low price for customers every day (Stank Stank, 2009). In 2006, this organization has slipped to number two after a serious problem. This case study old show these unethical issues that Wall-Mart faced many years from 2001 to 2006, including off-the-clock work. Sexual discrimination, health benefits, union, and using illegal aliens and child labor. In 2000, the main unethical of Wall-Mart shows in this case is the â€Å"off-the-clock work† that the employees were enforced working overtime In the Wall-Mart stores. From 11 states In 2001 that was pending lawsuits against Wall-Mart the number of states had Increased even 28 after one year (Satanist Satanist, 2009). The store managers had required the employee check UT their time card, while they were working at night and locked inside the stores. Many emergencies happened without any help because the managers were not around to open the door. These Wall-Mart activities show that this organization is breaking the law when enforced Its employees working more time without any payment while the managers went out earlier. Sexual discrimination Is another unethical Issue that Wall-Mart faced in 2001. In fact, the percentage of male employees who were promoted to management is less than female employees. According to Satanist and Stank (2009), there are sixty-five percent women employees of the hourly worker, but women who stand on management position Just only thirty-three percent at Wall-Mart. Some employee claimed that, Wall-Mart gave these Job opportunities to men because the men had to feed their family, whereas women Just want to make some extra money (Stank Stank, 2009). There are clearly things that Wall-Mart were not fair with women who daily worked for this organization. This activity should be considered and adjusted to fit with the new situation. Wall-Mart was blamed that provided many policies reduce cost of health care. This corporation provided the health benefit programs for its employee, but somehow many employees cannot pay or payable but less benefit. Normally, all companies In the united States spend average $ 5,646 per user for health care than the average rate (Satanist Satanist, 2009). This is considered unethical issue in Wall-Mart when this organization is largest retailer in the world. In addition, Wall- Mart has used states health benefits program to instead its own payment; it was not responsible action of a big corporation. Many employees and their family could not allow Wall-Mart’s health care program, they return to Medicaid – a state’s health care program. Marshland’s law stated that the company had to pay at least 8 percent of payroll costs per user health insurance, nor the difference amount actual pair and percentage must be passed to Marshland’s Medicaid fund (Satanist Satanist, 2009). Wall-Mart had changed its health care policy and reported increasing the percentage up to 8 percent, however, only 47. 5% employees can approach Wall-Mart’s health care insurance (Satanist Satanist, 2009). Keep the labor cost as low as possible seem tick with its philosophy â€Å"everyday low prices† because if the labor cost increase that means this philosophy would no longer right. That also was the problem that Wall- Mart faced in globalization. That is why Wall-Mart disbanded the meat department and nearly 180 other stores when the employees became unionized (Satanist Satanist, 2009). In fact, if employees become a member of a union, they would get a lot of support from this community to fight for their right benefits. However, Wall-Mart had to allow unions in protected of China government because if they not allow they old lose a lot of resources such as: material, merchandise, low labor cost, and series of suppliers, etc. Other issues at Wall-Mart stores are using illegal aliens working for the company. Although Wall-Mart knows exactly if it uses these employees they are against the law. However, Wall-Mart has continued to hire illegal aliens from the outside employment agency for cleaning. This company has agreed to charge for this issue $11 million, four times higher than normal charge by another corporation (Satanist Satanist, 2009). Wall-Mart used child labors and violated child labor laws. The result of the audit showed that Wall-Mart used employees under eighteen years old for working at night, on school hour, and more than 8 hours per day (Satanist Satanist, 2009). Not at all, this company also used child labor in the dangerous Job such as: chain saw and cardboard balers. Once again, Wall-Mart has broken the law in many states. In 2005, the International Labor Rights Fund filed a lawsuit against Wall-Mart with series of violating labor laws in five countries: Swaziland, Indonesia, China, Bangladesh, and Nicaragua (Satanist Satanist, 2009). The violations include irking overtime without payment, preventing any effort to have a union, and locked in working time. The major reason that making Wall-Mart supplier broken the laws is Wall-Mart was not enforcing the company’s code of conduct with its suppliers (Satanist Satanist, 2009). After a series of unethical issues during few years, Wall- Mart shows that it is still the big company where it provided the cooperation to repair and troubleshoot its problems quickly. Wall-Mart has acknowledged its issues and step-by-step solve them making ethical decisions, changing management methods, ND charging for all people who directly impacted. In conclusion, responsibilities of the big corporation should always do the right thing, and fixes every issue ethically to making the better reputation. The discuss questions that more clearly about this case study: 1 . Are the ethical issues Wall-Mart faces really any different from other large retailers? The largest retailer faces this these ethical issues that means many target for any concern and naturally the ethical issues become a sensitive problem. In additional, Wall-Mart cannot hire its problem, because of million employees who irking on thousands of stores. Wall-Mart might be a good case study for other corporations who are facing ethical issues. 2. Wall-Mart officials have stated that they don’t feel women are interested in management positions at the company. Do you agree or disagree? I disagree with this point of Wall-Mart. Women are much more holding the key position in the company. It shows a fact that women also do the same things as much as men can do. I do not see any reason to reject the opportunity to offer the management positions of women at work. The world is changing, women as no longer Just take care their family, they also are great people in the business. . Wall-Mart is continually criticized for its health-care policy. Is this really an ethical issue? Why or why not? This is considered unethical issue in Wall-Mart because the health cares that Wall-Mart provides to their employees are not fitted with a world- class company. In additional, Wall-Mart has used states health benefits program to instead its own payme nt; it was not responsible action off big corporation. Many employees and their family could not follow Wall-Mart’s health care program, they turn to Medicaid – a state’s health care program. Billion of revenue that the company could get is based on its employee’s distribution. Pay more money for health care also kind of investment, and I guessed that the return of this is greater than the profit, including loyalty, employees’ effort, and good company’s image. 4. Should Wall-Mart be concerned about unionization of stores since allowing unionization of workers in China? The major reason the make Wall-Mart allow unionizing in China not start from its expectation. However, this is a good signal for a ewe revolution in many Wall-Mart stores worldwide. In America, if any store starts to form a union the store could face many problems from Wall-Mart managers. This would change because of no former union are not fair for United States employees. The union would keep fighting the employee’s right benefit. On the other hand, my opinion, United States government should protect the union like China government that also protects the American labors. Reference Satanist, P. A. , Satanist, S. D. (2009). Understanding business ethics (1st deed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. How to cite Wal-Mart Case Study, Free Case study samples

Margin Case Of Certain Good And Industries â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Margin Case Of Certain Good And Industries? Answer: Introduction Business is not a static entity as it goes on changing its operations and behavior according to the need of the system. it changes its policy such as pricing policy, management policy and others to increase the sale of the business and earn maximum revenue. However, while formulating the policy the business requires to analyze the effect on various types of goods it supplies in the market and he perception of the consumer regarding the goods. The profit of an organization differs according to the demand for its products in the marketing. On the other hand, the demand for the product depends on its price as well as other factors. The report discusses the effect of price drop on the demand for various products and its effect on the profit of the organization. It further compares whether a drop in price has same effect on various kinds goods and industry. Interpretation and analysis of Literature Previous literature has given an argumentative discussion about the effect of price drop on the demand of the product and in turn on the total profit of the business. Here are literatures that show that a drop in price need not necessarily increase demand for the product and profit of the firm. According to Hill et al. (2017), a decrease in the price of the product does leads to increase in demand for the product for a short period. This is because slowly in the end, other competitor industry will adjust their product prices and the demand for the product is spread which lowers the sale volume. Thus, in other words it has been stated that with a drop in prices a company will make profit in the short run and its profit margin decreases in the long run. However, it has be further argued by Chen et al. (2017) it is not always necessary that a fall in price for goods will increase the demand for the product and profit for the firm. This is because a market is affected by various factors and variable and in order to estimate the effect of price change in the market it is necessary to analyze the market trend and reaction of the market. Timpson (2017) has put forward similar discussion that fall in price does not always mean that there will be an increase in profit. This is because sometimes a fall in price reduces the value of the product conceived in the mind of the consumers causing a decrease in price rather than demand. However, Maverick (2014) has argued that a decrease in price always means an increase in the profit and sale of the business. The author stated this condition to be true on the condition that market variables are steady. Analyzing the Application of General Principle to Luxury Goods According to the general principle of demand, it is stated that with a fall in price of the good the demand for that good rises in the market. This is turn increase the profit margin of an organization (Mankiw 2014). However, it is seen that there are various good in the market and the importance of those goods to type consumers differ for various factors. The goods preset in the market are luxury goods, Giffen goods, necessity goods, inferior goods and other. The effect on demand due to fall in price differs for these goods. For instance, luxury goods are goods that are consumed by the people as a symbol of status and richness. It is not a necessity for the consumers and hence a fall in price of such good will not affect its demand largely. An example of luxury goods is diamond jewelry that is wore by the consumers to show their status and class. Thus, a decrease in price of diamond jewelry will not encourage people to buy more of that jewelry (Reis 2015). The consumers that wear di amonds will still prefer it even at a high price. This proves that demand for luxury goods does not change with a change in price. Hence, it is seen that for organization selling luxury good, the profit margin does not change even with a drop in prices. This also supports he arguments put forward by Timpson (2017) regarding the conceived value of the goods by the consumers. Application of General Principle Different Goods The law of demand can also be applied on various goods such as Giffen goods, necessity good, substitute goods and normal goods. For Giffen good the law of demand does not apply as it is considered as one of the exception to the law of demand. Giffen good are goods for which the demand falls with a fall in price. This is because Giffen goods are inferior quality goods and are mostly consumed by lower income group people. Thus with a fall in price of these goods, the consumers shifts their demand for some better kinds of goods that has become affordable now (Landi 2015). Thus, for such goods the profit does not increases with a fall in prices. On the other hand, necessity goods are goods without which the consumer cannot think their life. Thus, a fall in prices does not have any effect on the demand for such goods. This is because with a fall in price the consumers accounting consume more of such goods even if it is a necessity. For example, medicine is an example of necessity goods an d thus, medicine business does not enjoy much increase in profit with a drop in price. However, only in case of normal good a business can make profit with an increase in demand due to a fall in price. An example of such goods is clothes, shoes and others. however, there are other factors such as market trend that does reduces the profit margin of such goods to some extent. Application of General Principle on Different Industries The increase in demand for goods with a fall in price also differs across various industries. This is because with a fall in price of some branded company or industry makes the consumer lower the value of their products and thus reducing the demand further (Timpson 2017). For example, most of companies in sport industry are branded and a fall in prices of their products makes the consumers feel that they have lowered the quality of shoes they manufacture. Thus, consumers are forced to cut down the demand for the shoes manufactured by shoes companies. On the other hand, a decrease in price of grocery industry does increase the demand for such goods because people tend to buy more and store it for longer period and causing an increase in profit margin of such industry. This shows that the change in demand with a fall in prices also differs according to the type of industry the company is engaged in. this difference also depends on the thinking of consumers regarding such goods and thei r relation with the price. Moreover, the industry having large number of substitute of its good will not receive an increase in profit for a longer time from a fall in its price as there are competitors that will slowly adjust their prices in the market. For branded goods, consumers have a different mindset and for grocery goods, they have a different mindset causing the differences in demand and profit margin. Differences in Theory Application between Consumer and Business The theory of law of demand applies differently between the consumers and the business. This is because a good for which the consumer thinks is a necessity good and it will not change its demand depending on the price. For the same good, the business might think that a fall in the price of its goods might increase the demand and profit margin. Thus, differences in the application of theory between both the entities are influenced by the perception of the consumers and the businesspersons. Moreover, the differences also arise due to lack of information transfer between the consumers and the producers. a fully informed producer can easily trace the need of the consumer, their trend and the trend of their competitors and work accordingly for earning more profit by decreasing price. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be deduced that the effect of fall in price and increase in demand on the profit margin of a company depends on various factors such as the type of goods, time span, competitors and the substitute o the goods in the market. Moreover, it also differs according to the information the consumers and the producers conceive about each other in the economy. Thus, from the comparative advantage it is seen that a fall in price does increase the profit of the business that produce normal good and has less number of substitute in the market. However, it is true for some goods and does not apply in goods such as Giffen goods and inferior goods. References Chen, Y., Eshleman, J.D. and Soileau, J.S., 2016. Business Strategy and Auditor Reporting.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,36(2), pp.63-86. Hill, C. W., Schilling, M. A., Jones, G. R. 2017. Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach, Theory Cases. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning. 21, pp 186-191 Landi, M., 2015. A class of symmetric and quadratic utility functions generating Giffen demand.Mathematical Social Sciences,73, pp.50-54. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Essentials of economics. Cengage learning. Maverick, J. 2014. For a company, is it more important to lower costs or increase revenue? Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/122214/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp [15 September 2017]. Reis, E., 2015. Influencing factors on consumer buying bahaviour of luxury goods: a research on the buying behaviour of young consumers in Finland. Timpson, T. 2017. Cutting prices works sometimes, but it is the lazy way to increase sales. The Telegraph. [e-journal]. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/connect/small-business/cutting-prices-is-the-lazy-way-to-increase-sales/ [15 September 2017].